Extinct Political Parties of the 1800s

The two major political parties of modern America can both trace their origins back to the 19th century. The longevity of the Democrats and Republicans appears quite remarkable when we consider that other parties existed alongside them in the 19th century before fading into history. The extinct political parties of the 1800s include organizations which were successful enough to put candidates in the White House. There were also others that were just doomed to inevitable obscurity. Some of them live on in political lore as oddities, or fads which are difficult to understand today. Yet many thousands of voters did take them seriously and they enjoyed a legitimate moment of glory before disappearing. Here is a listing of some significant political parties which  are no longer with us, in roughly chronological order: Federalist Party The Federalist Party is considered the first American political party. It advocated a strong national government, and prominent Federalists included John Adams and Alexander Hamilton. The Federalists did not build a sustaining party apparatus, and the partys defeat, when John Adams ran for a second term in the election of 1800, led to its decline. It essentially ceased to be a national party after 1816. The Federalists came under considerable criticism as they tended to oppose the War of 1812. Federalist involvement with the 1814  Hartford Convention, in which delegates suggested splitting New England states from the United States, essentially finished the party. (Jeffersonian) Republican Party The Jeffersonian Republican Party, which, of course, supported Thomas Jefferson in the election of 1800, was formed in opposition to the Federalists. The Jeffersonians tended to be more egalitarian than the Federalists. Following Jeffersons two terms in office, James Madison won the presidency on the Republican ticket in 1808 and 1812, followed by James Monroe in 1816 and 1820. The Jeffersonian Republican Party then faded away. The party was not a forerunner of the present day Republican Party. At times it was even called a name which seems contradictory today, the Democratic-Republican Party. National Republican Party The National Republican Party supported John Quincy Adams in his unsuccessful bid for reelection in 1828 (there had been no party designations in the election of 1824). The party also supported Henry Clay in 1832. The general theme of the National Republican Party was opposition to Andrew Jackson and his policies. The National Republicans generally joined the Whig Party in 1834. The National Republican Party was not a forerunner of the Republican Party, which formed in the mid-1850s. Incidentally, during the years of the John Quincy Adams administration, an adept political strategist from New York, future president Martin Van Buren, was organizing an opposition party. The party structure Van Buren created with the intent of making a coalition to elect Andrew Jackson in 1828 became the forerunner of todays Democratic Party. Anti-Masonic Party The Anti-Masonic Party formed in upstate New York in the late 1820s, following the mysterious death of a member of the Masonic order, William Morgan. It was believed that Morgan was killed before he could reveal secrets about the masons and their suspected influence in American politics. The party, while seemingly based on conspiracy theory, gained adherents. The Anti-Masonic Party actually held the first national political convention in America. Its convention in 1831 nominated William Wirt as its presidential candidate in 1832. Wirt was an odd choice, having once been a mason. While his candidacy was not successful, he did carry one state, Vermont, in the electoral college. Part of the appeal of the Anti-Masonic Party was its fiery opposition to Andrew Jackson, who happened to be a mason. The Anti-Masonic Party faded into obscurity by 1836 and its members drifted into the Whig Party, which also opposed the policies of Andrew Jackson. Whig Party The Whig Party was formed to oppose Andrew Jacksons policies and came together in 1834. The party took its name from a British political party which had opposed the king, as the American Whigs said they were opposing King Andrew. The Whig candidate in 1836, William Henry Harrison, lost to the Democrat Martin Van Buren. But Harrison, with his log cabin and hard cider campaign of 1840, won the presidency (though he would only serve for a month). The Whigs remained a major party throughout the 1840s, winning the White House again with Zachary Taylor in 1848. But the party splintered, mainly over the issue of slavery. Some Whigs joined the Know-Nothing Party, and others, most notably Abraham Lincoln, joined the new Republican party in the 1850s. Liberty Party The Liberty Party was organized in 1839 by anti-slavery activists who wanted to take the abolitionist movement and make it a political movement. As most leading abolitionists were adamant about being outside politics, this was a novel concept. The party ran a presidential ticket in 1840 and 1844, with James G. Birney, a former slaveholder from Kentucky as their candidate. The Liberty Party drew meager numbers, garnering only two percent of the popular vote in 1844. It has been speculated that the Liberty Party was responsible for splitting the anti-slavery vote in New York state in 1844, thereby denying the states electoral vote to Henry Clay, the Whig candidate and assuring the election of the slave-owning James Knox Polk. But that assumes Clay would have drawn all the votes cast for the Liberty Party. Free Soil Party The Free Soil Party came into being in 1848 and was organized to oppose the spread of slavery. The partys candidate for president in 1848 was former president Martin Van Buren. Zachary Taylor of the Whig Party won the 1848 presidential election, but the FreeSoil Party did elect two senators and 14 members of the House of Representatives. The motto of the Free Soil Party was Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor and Free Men. After Van Burens defeat in 1848, the party faded and members were eventually absorbed into the Republican Party when it formed in the 1850s. The Know-Nothing Party The Know-Nothing Party emerged in the late 1840s as a reaction to immigration to America. After some success in local elections with campaigns rife with bigotry, former president Millard Fillmore ran as the Know-Nothing candidate for president in 1856. Fillmores campaign was a disaster and the party soon dissolved. Greenback Party The Greenback Party was organized at a national convention held in Cleveland, Ohio in 1875. The formation of the party was prompted by difficult economic decisions, and the party advocated the issuing of paper money not backed by gold. Farmers and workers were the partys natural constituency. The Greenbacks ran presidential candidates in 1876, 1880, and 1884, all of whom were unsuccessful. When economic conditions improved, the Greenback Party faded into history.

The Customer s Online Experience - 2341 Words

The objective of this report is to examine the customer’s online experience. Research the influence of customers perceived risks and product uncertainty. As well as how technology influences the consumer behaviour. Online customers indicate that they are unsatisfied with the risks they endure while shopping online and much research is needed to evaluate what affects the customers’ online experience. This report focuses on technology as a macro and its effects towards the environment, society as well as the impacts technology has towards consumers. Online shopping has many disadvantages and marketers are researching to find out how the online shopping experience with the help of new technology can be better for the consumer’s enjoyment.†¦show more content†¦The Office for National Statistics (2013) have stated that in 2013, 73% of adults in the UK use the Internet everyday, which is twenty million people more than in 2006. The traditional retail experience is lost by the rise of technology and online shopping (Li et al., 1999). Shopping in stores was once a communal activity: walking in stores, interacting with other individuals, being able to feel the product and trying the product on (Monsuwe et al., 2004, p.115). There are many consumers who still prefer shopping in store and enjoy the shopping experience as opposed to shopping alone at home starring at a screen (Barnes, 2013). Technology should aid the shopping experience online, but there are still many concerns, uncertainties and risks that are involved in the process of buying online. It is evident that technology was created to help humans in making jobs easier and more efficient. Nowadays electronics can perform tasks that seemed to be impossible in the past. Technology has many benefits and drawbacks: it is becoming very complicated, which brings many inconveniences to individuals. The further technology advances, the more it appears to be taking over people’s lives and choices. Individuals have started to allow technology to think and complete tasks on their behalf. Technology has created an unsocial generation in society: people are more involved in their social media sites, such as Facebook and Instagram. Friends

Business Information Systems for Big Data Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.c

Question: Discuss about the Business Information Systems for Big Data. Answer: The challenges of big data Big data is a term largely used to refer to a large data volume that is both structured and unstructured. The amount of data is important and usually difficult in the processing using traditional and software techniques. The main characteristics of big data are how its collected, stored and its aims. It highly describes using the 3 Vs, that is, volume, variety, and velocity. In big data a massive amount of data is collected and regularly flows from a number of sources, using different channels in todays digital age. The main aim of big data is how and what the organizations do with the collected data. The large volume of data can be analyzed for the benefits that lead to the improving strategy and decision making of a business (Davenport, 2013, p. 57). These forms of data are essential in business organizations in the day to day processing of products, policies and business processes. Data is usually obtained from different sources that can include data from government sources, company databases, social sites, public sites and sensor networks. Data takes different formats, in number forms, structured in company traditional database to documents in unstructured forms, video, audios, emails and financials transactions (Buluswar, 2016, p. 89). Business and Customers benefits Business and customers can benefit on this by combining big data with an efficient analytics in accomplishing their business related tasks. These benefits include; It's accessible business can benefit in the use of big data in accessing the right data using this form is much easier as compared to the use of traditional forms. Its relevant-. The use of big data is more reliable since it works in filtering the irrelevant information and only collecting and storing data that is more relevant to the customer or business. It's authoritative-using a much more structured big data companies are in advantage of producing a much more accurate intelligence source of their data since this form combine different approved sources of their data thus verifying the truth of this sources of data is much easier. Data collected is trustworthy-poor data quality can lead to monetary losses in a business thus big data provides trust by monitoring simple systems and information regarding customers contacts and other details. It's action oriented big data provides more realistic and up to date data that is essential in the decision making of a business. It's timely-having a data stored and maintained in different forms and with their multiple sources saves the time of the customers and businesses in finding and managing data. Opportunities First, apart from being beneficial, big data also presents opportunities to business who are in a position to identify right infrastructure to use big data and also come up with the best way to implement it.Most business entrepreneurs have relied on this opportunity to invent and innovate their products and services. Second, it presents an opportunity to shed light on peoples intentions and expose their hidden pattern of behaviors. Big data creates an opportunity to join the dots between what people intend to do and what really do, also highlights on their relationship with others and the environment Third, it provides an opportunity in data storage, the technical procedures used makes it effective in managing a large amount of data that is directly or indirectly created and analyzed by users. These can be used by business to improve on their markets by studying data collected on customer trends and lifestyle Fourth, it has enabled users to store intensive data types, providing efficient and effective communication. Ethical and Security issues. Big data is, however, faced with one of the biggest challenge surrounding security and ethical issues of data privacy that involving what is shared data that is not shared. One of the ethical issues surrounding data collection is the right to privacy, which gives a person the authority to allow or limit those who will access their personal information. The public has the capacity and power in dictating how an organization collects, use, and shares information from them. Another ethical issue is customer an assurance on how their information is going too used. How the data collected should be made clear to the customer so as not to conflict with their privacy status (White, 2016, p. 94). The companies should provide data security so as provide trust, as preventive measures in controlling access to customers personal data. Security issues facing big data is how to keep these data collected secure, these issues include; Negative impacts associated with the use of data of a customer of groups of people, and the consequences if their information is publicized. The business should be aware of the damage that will be caused if data is exposed (Nrusimham, et al., 2013, p. 114). The business should be in place to create user authentication for their employees who are in place of accessing these data and information Another security issue the business should consider is recording all the data access channels and histories and work in being compliant with security regulations. Conducting due diligence when sharing or collecting data from a third party member, this should work to ensure accountability and transparency on the data collected. Summary and Recommendations for Business Owners. Big data offers solutions such as highly optimized data, data extraction capabilities cloud hosting that is essential in the decision making of a business. Through this companies can reduce their risk in cost, increase marketing and achieve a better decision making strategy. Recommended strategies include; Customer centric Business should focus on data that should add value to their organization, this means they should focus to provide customers with much better products and services .the business owners should work to understand their consumers need to invent better technologies in analyzing this strategy (Roe, 2013, p. 99). Enterprise This includes the creation of a wide understanding of how the business intends to use data to improve its mission and objectives. Use existing data To achieve the short term goals the owners should work with existing information as big data implementation starts. Skills and investments. Big data strategy requires the business to deal with what exist in their markets, this means they should invest in their skills and available tools. Measurable outcomes To create a reliable big data, business owners should be able to see and measure the advantages of using this strategy (Roe, 2013, p. 112). References Buluswar, M., 2016. How Companies are Using Big Data and Analytics. McKinsey $ Co, pp. 112-136. Davenport, T. H., 2013. Big Data in Big Companies. SAS, pp. 12-15. Nrusimham, A., Zoher, . K. Ruben, S., 2013. Big Data Challenges. McKinsey $ Co, pp. 613-615. Roe, D., 2013. Recommendations for a Big Data Analytics Strategy, Chicago: Simpler Media Group. Inc. White, S., 2016. Ethical Questions About Big Data. CGMA, 15 June.

John Fitzgerald Kennedy Essays - Conservatism In The United States

John Fitzgerald Kennedy If you have ever had any curiosities about any of the leading figures of American History, from John Quincy Adams to Robert A. Taft, John Fitzgerald Kennedy details for you the accomplishments and personalities of a great cross-section of Americana. Mind you, this book is not a provocative thriller, nor an aloof murder story, but an encyclopedia of sorts, a personal reference. The people that JFK wrote about were truly courageous and intriguing, and upon reading about them, you begin to immediately respect them. Kennedy won the Nobel Peace Prize for Literature with this book, and with all the credit given to this book, how can one argue with a masterpiece? One great merit of this volume is that its instances of courage are all true, clear and in the last analysis constructive; its heroes- John Quincy Adams, Webster, Houston, Ross of Kansas, George Norris-all exercised their courage in a noble way for large ends. The Foreward was written by Allen Nevins, a great journalist and admirer of the Late Kennedy(The most amazing part being that Kennedy at this time was still a senator!). With such a lofty opinion of the ex-president, the foreward was very upbeat. It spoke of the differentiations between courage and bravery, the very definition of courage, and even some of the reasons that a few of the men qualified to enter JFK's profiles. The preface, written by JFK himself, was merely a thank-you to the brave and trail-blazing politicians that preceded him, and to his wife. All in all, there are eight profiles of Kennedy's most revered men. The first listed being John Q. Adams. According to JFK, Adams was young, very unsure and yet, determined. Adams received threats in the mail from the federalist party and was prepared to leave any politics he was set to go into. In time, he began a very powerful man, taking part in more important events than anyone else in our history, the most important, of course, being the presidency. The succeeding profile is of Daniel Webster, one of the most powerful orators and statesmen of his time, or any other. Daniel Webster is familiar to many of us as the battler of Jabez Stone's soul against the devil in Stephen Vincent Benet's story. There could be no mistaking that he was a great man, as JFK writes, "He was a great man-he looked like one, talked like one, was treated like one, and insisted he was one." The next profile is of Thomas Hart Benton, a senator from Missouri, a man that used to engage in stand-off's and shootings. He held all of the people he spoke with in...fear. He spoke well, and always had a rebuttal to even the most stinging sarcasm. As a matte of fact, Benton tried his hardest to become as fearsome as possible, brushing himself daily with a horsehair brush, giving his skin a very leathery texture. Benton held such a fix in the Capitol that Missouri voted him to stay in office for just over thirty years! Benton stood up for what he wanted to happen, he listened less and less to his people in Missouri, and he became very devoted to winning everything he advocated for. Perhaps that is why he was considered courageous, that or the pistols he always carried into the Capitol. Thirdly was Sam Houston, governor of both Texas and Tennessee. During his time as a statesman for Texas, it was up to him to bring Texas into statehood, and he accomplished it well. He was dubbed 'The Magnificent Barbarian" due to his neanderthalic features, and moving orations. He was barnone the most popular statesman of his time, struggling like mad to accomplish all that he had set forth in a long journal to himself. His passion for his voters, the people, placed him in many high offices, in two different states! His worst mistake that ultimately ended his career was his vote to put an end to slavery, a vote that went against the thoughts of most people in Texas. Next in line was Edmund G. Ross, a young senator from Kansas. Ross was admitted during one of the most turmoil-filled epoch of American History, the time of President Andrew Johnson. Andrew had succeeded Lincoln as president, and was sent into his job to clean up all the hatred shared between the North and the South. Of course, the South had been conquered, and it was up to Johnson to decide what happens to the